Ventilação oscilatória de alta frequência em crianças com síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda: experiência de um centro de tratamento intensivo pediátrico / High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome: experience of a pediatric intensive care unit

OBJETIVO: Descrever os efeitos da aplicação da ventilação de alta frequência oscilatória como suporte ventilatório de resgate em uma série de pacientes pediátricos com síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda (SARA). MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 25 crianças(> 1mês e < 17 anos) internadas em uma UTI pediátrica universitária com SARA e submetidas à ventilação de alta frequência oscilatória (VAFO) por um mínimo de 48 horas, após falha da ventilação mecânica convencional. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade foi de 52% (13/25) 28 dias após o início da SARA. Ao longo de 48 horas, a aplicação da VAFO reduziu o índice de oxigenação [38 (31-50) vs. 17 (10-27)] e aumentou a relação pressão arterial parcial de O2/fração inspirada de O2 [65 (44-80) vs. 152 (106-213)]. A pressão arterial parcial de CO2 [54 (45-74) vs. 48 (39-58) mmHg] manteve-se inalterada. A pressão média de vias aéreas oscilou entre 23 e 29 cmH2O. A VAFO não comprometeu a hemodinâmica e observou-se uma redução da frequência cardíaca (141 ± 32 vs. 119 ± 22 bat/min), a pressão arterial média (66 ± 20 vs. 71 ± 17 mmHg) e o escore inotrópico [44 (17-130) vs. 20 (16-75)] mantiveram-se estáveis nesse período. Nenhum sobrevivente ficou dependente de oxigênio. CONCLUSÃO: VAFO melhora a oxigenação de pacientes pediátricos com SARA grave e hipoxemia refratária ao suporte ventilatório convencional.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) as a rescue Acute respiratory distress syndrome ventilatory support in pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Twenty-five children (1 month < age < 17 years) admitted to a university hospital pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) with ARDS and submitted to HFOV for a minimum of 48 hours after failure of conventional mechanical ventilation were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty eight days after the onset of ARDS, the mortality rate was 52% (13/25). Over the course of 48 hours, the use of HFOV reduced the oxygenation index [38 (31-50) vs. 17 (10-27)] and increased the ratio of partial arterial pressure O2 and fraction of inspired O2 [65 [44-80) vs. 152 (106-213)]. Arterial CO2 partial pressure [54 (45-74) vs. 48 (39-58) mmHg] remained unchanged. The mean airway pressure ranged between 23 and 29 cmH2O. HFOV did not compromise hemodynamics, and a reduction in heart rate was observed (141±32 vs. 119±22 beats/min), whereas mean arterial pressure (66±20 vs. 71±17mmHg) and inotropic score [44 (17-130) vs. 20 (16-75)] remained stable during this period. No survivors were dependent on oxygen. CONCLUSION: HFOV improves oxygenation in pediatric patients with ARDS and severe hypoxemia refractory to conventional ventilatory support.

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome: experience of a pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) as a rescue ventilatory support in pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Twenty-five children (1 month < age < 17 years) admitted to a university hospital pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) with ARDS and submitted to HFOV for a minimum of 48 hours after failure of conventional mechanical ventilation were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty eight days after the onset of ARDS, the mortality rate was 52% (13/25). Over the course of 48 hours, the use of HFOV reduced the oxygenation index [38 (31-50) vs. 17 (10-27)] and increased the ratio of partial arterial pressure O2 and fraction of inspired O2 [65 [44-80) vs. 152 (106-213)]. Arterial CO2 partial pressure [54 (45-74) vs. 48 (39-58) mmHg] remained unchanged. The mean airway pressure ranged between 23 and 29 cmH2O. HFOV did not compromise hemodynamics, and a reduction in heart rate was observed (141±32 vs. 119±22 beats/min), whereas mean arterial pressure (66±20 vs. 71±17 mmHg) and inotropic score [44 (17-130) vs. 20 (16-75)] remained stable during this period. No survivors were dependent on oxygen. CONCLUSION: HFOV improves oxygenation in pediatric patients with ARDS and severe hypoxemia refractory to conventional ventilatory support.

Fatores associados ao insucesso no desmame ventilatório de crianças submetidas a cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica / Factors associated with failure in ventilatory weaning of children undergone pediatric cardiac surgery

OBJETIVO: Verificar os fatores associados ao insucesso no desmame de crianças submetidas a correção cirúrgica de cardiopatias congênitas. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte. A amostra foi composta de 29 crianças. As cardiopatias foram divididas em cianóticas (nove crianças) e acianóticas (20 crianças). Foram estudadas crianças de 0 a 5 anos, submetidas a cirurgia cardíaca com permanência em ventilação mecânica invasiva. RESULTADOS: O grupo insucesso apresentou valor menor na SpO2 e valores maiores nos dias de permanência em VMI e na FiO2 quando comparados ao grupo sucesso (P<0,05). Observou-se que quatro (14 por cento) crianças tiveram insucesso no desmame, sendo necessário retornar a prótese ventilatória antes de 48 horas após a extubação. CONCLUSÃO: Os dias de VMI, a SpO2 reduzida e a FiO2 elevada foram os principais fatores associados à falha na extubação neste grupo de pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with failure in ventilatory weaning of children undergone surgical correction of congenital heart diseases. METHODS: Cohort study with 29 children. The heart diseases were divided into cyanotic (nine children) and acyanotic (20 children). We studied children from 0 to 5 years who underwent heart surgery with invasive mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: The failure group presented smaller value in SpO2 and higher values during days of stay in IMV and FiO2 when compared to the success group (P<0.05). It was observed that 4 children (14 percent) had failed in weaning, being necessary to return the ventilatory prosthesis before 48 hours after extubation. CONCLUSION: The days of IMV, SpO2 and FiO2 were the main factors associated with failed extubation in this group of patients.

Factors associated with failure in ventilatory weaning of children undergone pediatric cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with failure in ventilatory weaning of children undergone surgical correction of congenital heart diseases. METHODS: Cohort study with 29 children. The heart diseases were divided into cyanotic (nine children) and acyanotic (20 children). We studied children from 0 to 5 years who underwent heart surgery with invasive mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: The failure group presented smaller value in SpO2 and higher values during days of stay in IMV and FiO2 when compared to the success group (P<0.05). It was observed that 4 children (14%) had failed in weaning, being necessary to return the ventilatory prosthesis before 48 hours after extubation. CONCLUSION: The days of IMV, SpO2 and FiO2 were the main factors associated with failed extubation in this group of patients.